A LABOUR OF LOVE
What is Baby Eczema?
Baby eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis) is a skin condition that is characterised by dry, itchy, inflamed skin that flares and settles over time. It occurs when the skin barrier is weakened, so everyday irritants, allergens and environmental factors can trigger skin inflammation and hallmark eczema symptoms.1
A LABOUR OF LOVE
What causes baby eczema?
The exact cause of baby eczema is unknown, however it’s thought to stem from a mix of genetic predisposition and environmental factors that weaken the skin barrier. With less defence against foreign particles, this impaired barrier is more easily penetrated by irritants and allergens that aggravate the skin and drive inflammation.1
An imbalance in gut bacteria has been linked to eczema via what is known as the gut-skin axis.2 Infants with eczema may have different gut microbes to those without, and including targeted prebiotics and probiotics to support gut health is an exciting new approach in eczema care.3
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What are common baby eczema triggers?
Triggers can look a little different for every baby. Some of the most common irritants are:1,2
-A family history of eczema
-Dry air or overheating
-Soaps and detergents
-Rough fabrics (like wool)
-Environmental allergens like dust mites, pollen, pet dander, chemicals
-Saliva/food contact around the mouth
-Certain foods.Many families notice patterns in eczema flare-ups. However, it can take some time to work out exactly what’s triggering your baby’s eczema.
Can certain foods trigger baby eczema?
Although foods may not directly cause eczema, some foods can aggravate eczema symptoms. Certain foods are more likely to trigger flare-ups in sensitive or predisposed babies, including common allergens like dairy, eggs, nuts and wheat.1
It’s also common for babies with eczema to develop food allergies. However, you should always speak with your baby’s doctor before restricting any foods.4
Can baby eczema be cured?
No, there’s no cure for eczema. However, symptoms can be managed with consistent skincare and other therapies. Many babies will have periods where their skin is mostly settled, though flare-ups can still be triggered from time to time.
With a gentle daily routine (regular emollients, short lukewarm baths, trigger awareness) and guidance from a healthcare professional, families can often reduce the occurrence of flare-ups and how severe they feel.4
How can I help manage my baby's eczema?
Some things that help soothe the skin can include short, lukewarm baths, a thick fragrance-free moisturiser applied often, and gentle, soap-free products. There are also other steps you can take, including:
-Dressing baby in cool, breathable layers
-Keeping room temperatures comfortable and cool
-Introduce one new product at a time, such as moisturiser
-Keep a brief trigger diary (heat, fabrics, products, foods touching the face).If a doctor has prescribed a topical steroid, use it exactly as directed during flare-ups, alongside regular moisturising.
To help your baby with itching, you can:-Keep their nails short.
-You may also want to consider cotton mittens/scratch sleeves
-Use cool compresses on very itchy patches for a few minutes before moisturising.
-Around the mouth, apply a non-toxic barrier such as a petroleum jelly before meals, then wipe and re-moisturise after to limit irritation from saliva/foods.
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Does baby eczema go away?
Yes, eczema symptoms and flare-ups will generally ease through childhood. However, their skin may remain dry or sensitive. Patterns can vary though, and some children may continue to experience symptoms and flare-ups as they get older.2
What happens if baby's eczema is left
untreated?
If eczema is left untreated, the itch–scratch cycle can worsen inflammation and lead to skin thickening and cracks that increase the risk of secondary infection (which may cause weeping and crusting). You may also find that babies struggle to sleep and are just generally uncomfortable.4
Looking for more information on baby eczema? Check out the Biostime Parent Lounge for more articles and useful tips.